Pulusi · Tongan

Fakamoʻoniʻi ʻo e Kautaha ʻi Siaina: Tokangaʻi, Ngaahi Laʻasanga mo e Taimi

Fakahinohino fakamatala ki he kau fokotuʻu mei tuʻapuleʻanga ʻoku nau fokotuʻu ha kautaha ʻi Siaina matuʻa: ngaahi tohi ʻoku fie maʻu, ngaahi laʻasanga fakalao, mo e taimi ʻoku faʻa ʻamanaki ki ai. ʻOku ʻikai ko ha fakatonutonu fakalao pe fakafonua.

ʻOku hoko ʻa Siaina ko ha māketi mahuʻinga ki he kau fokotuʻu mei tuʻapuleʻanga ʻoku nau fie fokotuʻu ha pisinisi ʻi he fonua. Ka ʻi he taimi ʻoku fie maʻu ai ke fakamoʻoniʻi ha kautaha ʻi Siaina matuʻa, ʻoku fie maʻu ke mahino kiate koe ʻa e ngaahi tohi, ngaahi laʻasanga, mo e taimi ʻe lava ke ne ʻave. ʻOku ʻikai ko ha fakatonutonu fakalao pe fakafonua ʻa e fakamatala ko ʻeni; ʻoku ʻikai ke ne fakafofongaʻi ha fakatonutonu fakalao pe fakafonua pea ʻoku ʻikai ke ne fakafofongaʻi ha taha fakalao pe fakafonua ʻi Siaina. ʻOku totonu ke ke fekumi ki ha fakatonutonu fakalao pea mo ha fakatonutonu fakafonua ʻi he taimi ʻoku fie maʻu ai.

Ko e ʻUluaki ʻAta: Ko e Faʻahinga Kautaha ʻe Filifili

ʻI he taimi ʻoku fie maʻu ai ke fakamoʻoniʻi ha kautaha ʻi Siaina, ʻoku fie maʻu ke ke filifili ʻa e faʻahinga kautaha ʻe taha. ʻOku faʻa filifili ʻa e kau fokotuʻu mei tuʻapuleʻanga ʻi he ngaahi faʻahinga ko ʻeni:

• Kautaha ʻa e Kau Fokotuʻu ʻi Tuʻapuleʻanga (WFOE) — ha kautaha ʻoku puleʻi kotoa ʻe ha taha pe ngaahi taha mei tuʻapuleʻanga. ʻOku faʻa filifili ʻa e kau fokotuʻu ʻoku nau fie pule ki honau pisinisi ʻi Siaina.
• Kautaha Fakataha (Joint Venture) — ha kautaha ʻoku fakataha ai ha taha mei Siaina mo ha taha mei tuʻapuleʻanga. ʻOku faʻa filifili ʻi he ngaahi ngāue ʻoku fie maʻu ai ha tokoni mei he māketi fakalotofonua.
• Ofisi Fakafofonga (Representative Office) — ʻoku ʻikai ke ne lava ʻo fai ha pisinisi fakatau pe fakafua, ka ʻoku lava ke ne fai ha ngāue fakafofonga, fakamatala, mo e fetuʻutaki.
• Kautaha ʻa e Taha ʻo e Kautaha Tuʻapuleʻanga (Branch) — ʻoku hoko ia ko ha vahevahe ʻo ha kautaha tuʻapuleʻanga ʻoku ʻi ai, ka ʻoku ʻikai ko ha kautaha fakalao mavahe.

ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi fiemaʻu makehe ki he ngaahi ngāue ʻe niʻihi, hangē ko e fakafonua, tokoni fakavahaʻapuleʻanga, pe ngaahi meʻa fakatekinolosia. ʻI he ngaahi ngāue ko ʻeni, ʻoku lava ke fie maʻu ha ngaahi tohi makehe pe ha fakangofua fakalao. ʻOku totonu ke ke siviʻi ʻa e Lisi ʻo e Ngaahi Ngāue ʻo e Kau Fokotuʻu ʻi Tuʻapuleʻanga (Negative List) pea mo e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni fakalotofonua ʻi he kolo ʻoku ke fie fokotuʻu ai.

Ngaahi Tohi ʻOku Fie Maʻu

ʻOku faʻa fie maʻu ʻa e ngaahi tohi ko ʻeni ʻi he taimi ʻoku fakamoʻoniʻi ai ha kautaha ʻi Siaina. ʻOku lava ke kehekehe ʻa e ngaahi fiemaʻu ʻi he ngaahi kolo mo e ngaahi ngāue, pea ʻoku totonu ke ke fakapapauʻi mo hoʻo fakatonutonu fakalao pe ko e ʻōfisi ʻo e puleʻanga fakalotofonua.

1. Ngaahi Tohi Fakaʻilonga mo Fakamoʻoniʻi

• Ko e hingoa ʻo e kautaha ʻe fie maʻu ke filifili pea mo e ngaahi hingoa kehekehe ʻe tolu pe lahi ange ke fakahū ki he ʻōfisi ʻo e puleʻanga fakalotofonua (SAMR) ke siviʻi.
• Ko e tohi fakamoʻoniʻi ʻo e kautaha pe ko e tohi fakamoʻoniʻi ʻo e fokotuʻu (Certificate of Incorporation) mei he fonua ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e kautaha mātuʻa, ʻo kau ai ha fakamaʻalaʻala ʻi he lea faka-Sianai pe faka-Pilitānia.
• Ko e ngaahi tohi fakamoʻoniʻi ʻo e kau fokotuʻu (passport pe ID) mo e ngaahi tohi fakamoʻoniʻi ʻo e kau pule (directors) mo e kau fakafofonga fakalao (legal representative).
• Ko e tohi fakamoʻoniʻi ʻo e tuʻasila ʻo e kautaha (Articles of Association) ʻoku fakaʻilongaʻi ʻe he kau fokotuʻu kotoa.
• Ko e tohi fakamoʻoniʻi ʻo e tuʻu ʻo e ʻōfisi (lease agreement pe proof of address) ʻi Siaina.

2. Ngaahi Tohi Fakapaʻanga mo e Paʻanga

• Ko e paʻanga ʻoku fie maʻu ke fakahū (registered capital) — ʻoku ʻikai ko ha paʻanga ʻoku fie maʻu ke fakahū kotoa ʻi he ʻaho ʻe taha, ka ʻoku fie maʻu ke fakamatalaʻi ʻi he tohi fakamoʻoniʻi.
• Ko e tohi fakamoʻoniʻi mei he pangikē ʻoku fakamatalaʻi ai ʻa e paʻanga ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e kautaha mātuʻa pe ko e kau fokotuʻu.
• Ko e fakamatala ki he founga ʻe fakahū ai ʻa e paʻanga mei tuʻapuleʻanga ki Siaina (capital contribution plan).

3. Ngaahi Tohi Fakamatala

• Ko e fakamatala ki he ngāue ʻe fai (business scope) ʻoku fakatatau ki he ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni ʻa Siaina.
• Ko e fakamatala ki he kau pule mo honau ngaahi fatongia (organizational structure).
• Ko e fakamatala ki he founga ʻe fakahoko ai ʻa e ngaahi ngāue fakapaʻanga mo e fakafonua.

ʻOku faʻa fie maʻu ʻa e ngaahi tohi kotoa ke fakamaʻalaʻalaʻi ki he lea faka-Sianai pea fakamoʻoniʻi ʻe ha notari pe ha ʻōfisi fakafofonga ʻi Siaina. ʻOku totonu ke ke tokanga ki he ngaahi fiemaʻu fakalotofonua ʻi he kolo ʻoku ke fokotuʻu ai.

Ngaahi Laʻasanga ʻo e Fakamoʻoniʻi

ʻOku faʻa hoko ʻa e founga fakamoʻoniʻi ʻi he ngaahi laʻasanga ko ʻeni. ʻOku kehekehe ʻa e taimi ʻi he ngaahi kolo mo e ngaahi ngāue, pea ʻoku ʻikai ke lava ʻo fakaʻamanaki ki ha taimi pau.

Laʻasanga 1: Siviʻi ʻo e Hingoa ʻo e Kautaha

ʻOku fakahū ʻa e ngaahi hingoa ʻe fie maʻu ki he ʻōfisi ʻo e puleʻanga fakalotofonua (SAMR) ke siviʻi. ʻOku faʻa ʻave ha ʻaho ʻe 1 ki he 3 ʻaho ki he siviʻi, ka ʻoku lava ke fuʻu lōloa ange kapau ʻoku fie maʻu ha fakamaʻalaʻala makehe pe ʻoku ʻi ai ha ngaahi hingoa ʻoku fie maʻu ke toe siviʻi.

Laʻasanga 2: Fakamoʻoniʻi ʻo e Ngaahi Tohi mo e Fakangofua

ʻI he taimi ʻoku maʻu ai ʻa e hingoa, ʻoku fie maʻu ke ke fakahū ʻa e ngaahi tohi kotoa ki he SAMR fakalotofonua. ʻOku lava ke fie maʻu ha fakangofua mei he ngaahi puleʻanga kehekehe, hangē ko e puleʻanga fakapaʻanga, puleʻanga fakafonua, pe puleʻanga fakatekinolosia. ʻOku faʻa ʻave ha ʻaho ʻe 5 ki he 15 ʻaho ki he fakamoʻoniʻi, ka ʻoku lava ke lōloa ange kapau ʻoku fie maʻu ha fakangofua makehe.

Laʻasanga 3: Maʻu ʻo e Laiseisi ʻo e Pisinisi

ʻI he taimi ʻoku fakamoʻoniʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi tohi, ʻoku tuku mai ʻe he SAMR ʻa e laiseisi ʻo e pisinisi (Business License). ʻOku faʻa ʻave ha ʻaho ʻe 1 ki he 5 ʻaho ki he tuku mai. ʻI he taimi ʻoku maʻu ai ʻa e laiseisi, ʻoku ʻiloa ai ʻa e kautaha ko ha kautaha fakalao ʻi Siaina.

Laʻasanga 4: Fokotuʻu ʻo e Ngaahi Meʻa Fakapaʻanga mo e Fakafonua

ʻOku fie maʻu ke ke fokotuʻu ha ʻakauni pangikē fakapisinisi ʻi Siaina, pea fakahū ʻa e paʻanga fakaʻuluaki (registered capital) ki ai. ʻOku fie maʻu foki ke ke lēsisita mo e puleʻanga fakapaʻanga, puleʻanga fakafonua, mo e puleʻanga ʻo e ngaahi ngāue fakapaʻanga. ʻOku faʻa ʻave ha ʻaho ʻe 5 ki he 20 ʻaho ki he ngaahi ngāue ko ʻeni, ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi he vave ʻo e ngaahi ʻōfisi fakalotofonua mo e ngaahi fiemaʻu makehe.

Laʻasanga 5: Fokotuʻu ʻo e Ngaahi Meʻa ʻo e Ngāue

ʻOku fie maʻu ke ke fokotuʻu ha tuʻasila fakapisinisi (company seal), tuʻasila fakapaʻanga, tuʻasila fakafofonga fakalao, mo e ngaahi tuʻasila kehe. ʻOku fie maʻu foki ke ke lēsisita ki he puleʻanga fakapaʻanga mo e puleʻanga fakafonua. ʻOku faʻa ʻave ha ʻaho ʻe 3 ki he 10 ʻaho ki he ngaahi ngāue ko ʻeni.

Taimi Fakakātoa ʻo e Fakamoʻoniʻi

ʻOku ʻikai ke lava ʻo fakaʻamanaki ki ha taimi pau, ka ʻoku faʻa ʻave ha vahe ʻe 4 ki he 8 uike ki he fakamoʻoniʻi ʻo ha kautaha ʻi Siaina ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga faingofua. ʻOku lava ke lōloa ange ʻi he taimi ʻoku ʻi ai ha ngaahi fakangofua makehe, ha ngaahi ngāue fakafonua, pe ha ngaahi fiemaʻu fakalotofonua. ʻOku totonu ke ke fakakaukau ki he taimi ki he fakamaʻalaʻala ʻo e ngaahi tohi, fakamoʻoniʻi ʻe he notari, mo e ngaahi ngāue fakapaʻanga.

Ngaahi Fokotuʻu Fakamatala

• Fekumi ki ha fakatonutonu fakalao ʻi Siaina kimuʻa pea ke kamata. ʻOku mahuʻinga ke mahino kiate koe ʻa e ngaahi fiemaʻu fakalotofonua mo e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni ʻoku fetaui mo hoʻo ngāue.
• Fakapapauʻi ʻa e ngāue ʻe fai pea siviʻi ʻa e Lisi ʻo e Ngaahi Ngāue ʻo e Kau Fokotuʻu ʻi Tuʻapuleʻanga mo e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni fakalotofonua.
• Tokanga ki he paʻanga ʻoku fie maʻu pea mo e founga ʻe fakahū ai mei tuʻapuleʻanga. ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni fakapaʻanga ʻoku fie maʻu ke muimui ki ai.
• Fakamaʻalaʻalaʻi ʻa e ngaahi tohi kotoa ki he lea faka-Sianai pea fakamoʻoniʻi ʻe ha notari pe ha ʻōfisi fakafofonga ʻi Siaina.
• Tokanga ki he ngaahi ngāue ʻo e ʻaho ni hangē ko e lēsisita fakafonua, fakapaʻanga, mo e ngaahi ngāue fakafonua ʻoku fie maʻu ki heʻetau pisinisi.

ʻOku ʻikai ko ha fakatonutonu fakalao pe fakafonua ʻa e fakamatala ko ʻeni. ʻOku totonu ke ke fekumi ki ha fakatonutonu fakalao pea mo ha fakatonutonu fakafonua ʻi he taimi ʻoku fie maʻu ai. ʻOku lava ke kehekehe ʻa e ngaahi fiemaʻu ʻi he ngaahi kolo mo e ngaahi ngāue, pea ʻoku totonu ke ke fakapapauʻi mo e ngaahi ʻōfisi fakalotofonua ʻi Siaina.